The 10,001-pound threshold
For interstate commerce, federal safety rules generally treat a vehicle or combination with a gross weight or weight rating of 10,001 pounds or more as a commercial motor vehicle. Most hotshot pickups pulling loaded trailers exceed that, which brings USDOT registration, driver medical certificates, hours of service and vehicle inspection rules into play.
Operating authority and insurance
For-hire carriers hauling regulated property across state lines generally need FMCSA operating authority. For general freight in vehicles of 10,001 pounds or more, the federal liability minimum is $750,000, filed by the insurer with FMCSA. Hazardous materials carry higher minimums. Brokers and shippers may require higher limits.
Other requirements
- USDOT number displayed on the truck
- Driver qualification file and medical certificate
- Hours-of-service limits and an electronic logging device unless exempt
- Annual vehicle inspections
- Unified Carrier Registration
- IRP and IFTA if thresholds are met
CDL rules
A commercial driver's license is required for certain combinations based on weight ratings. See our guide on when a hotshot rig needs a CDL. Driving a combination that requires a CDL without one is a serious violation.
Intrastate work
Hauling only within one state is governed by that state's rules, which may follow federal thresholds or set their own. Check with your state transportation agency.
Keeping current
Rules change; check FMCSA's site before you start and at each renewal.
Where to read more
FMCSA publishes guidance for small and new carriers, including the weight thresholds that trigger each rule.
Frequently asked questions
Do I need authority if I only haul my own equipment?
Hauling your own property is private carriage. Operating authority applies to for-hire carriage, though safety rules may still apply.